ETG General Paper
2021 A-Level GP · Paper 1 · Question 4

Social media and friendship

What this question asks

This question asks whether social media has cheapened genuine friendship in Singapore, by replacing deep bonds with shallow online contact, or whether it mainly helps people keep real friendships alive.

Question type: To what extent

An ETG General Paper original study guide to the 2021 A-Level GP Paper 1 essay on society & culture. Not affiliated with, or endorsed by, UCLES, Cambridge Assessment or SEAB. A study aid, not an official answer.

Read the question first
Define these terms
  • devalued: cheapened or weakened, not merely changed, the word that does the real work
  • true friendship: deep, reciprocal, demanding bonds, distinct from acquaintance and contact
  • social media: the platforms and their logic, not digital communication in general
The hidden assumption

The question assumes social media and true friendship pull against each other, when the platforms may sustain bonds across distance as much as they dilute them, and assumes 'true friendship' was secure before, which is contestable.

The calibration axis

conditions: social media devalues friendship where it substitutes performance and breadth for depth, but sustains it where it maintains real bonds across barriers, so the effect depends on how it is used.

Two ways to argue it

How to approach it. Judge how far social media has devalued true friendship in Singapore, defining 'true friendship' and rooting the answer in local conditions rather than generic claims.

Option A · Conditions: substitution vs maintenance

Social media has devalued true friendship in Singapore where it substitutes a wide, performed network for a few deep bonds and trains attention away from presence; but it has not devalued the bonds it merely maintains across Singapore's busy, time-scarce lives, so the harm falls on how the platforms are used, not on their mere existence.

The argument, point by point
  • Social media devalues friendship when it replaces depth with breadth, rewarding a large audience over a few real bonds.
    Why Platforms count followers, likes and reach, so they nudge users to maximise weak ties and visible popularity, which crowds out the time and vulnerability that deep friendship requires.
    Example In Singapore's hyper-connected, status-conscious culture, where comparison and the kiasu instinct run deep, a curated feed of hundreds of contacts can stand in for the handful of friends who would actually show up in a crisis (society pattern, as_of 2026-06).
    Then evaluate But a large network is not necessarily a devalued one; the harm appears only when breadth is mistaken for depth, so the verdict turns on whether the deep bonds still exist beneath the wide ones.
  • Social media devalues friendship by turning it into performance, where the relationship is staged for an audience rather than lived between two people.
    Why When friendship is documented for others, the incentive shifts from being a good friend to appearing to be one, so the substance of the bond is hollowed out by its presentation.
    Example The Singaporean habit of posting milestone moments, from group meals to overseas trips, can make the photograph of friendship the point, with the friends present but on their phones (society pattern, as_of 2026-06).
    Then evaluate The hinge: performed friendship is devalued friendship, but the same post can also be a genuine record of a real bond, so the platform enables both and the user decides which.
  • Social media fragments the attention that true friendship needs, even when friends are physically together.
    Why Constant notifications pull focus away from the person in front of you, so co-presence no longer guarantees presence, and the quality of time spent together falls.
    Example Singapore's near-universal smartphone use and high screen time mean a shared meal is routinely interrupted by the rest of one's network, a documented driver of diminished face-to-face interaction (society pattern, as_of 2026-06).
    Then evaluate Yet this is a problem of attention management, not of social media as such, since the same tool can be silenced, so the devaluation is contingent on habits a society can change.
  • Against the devaluation, social media often sustains true friendships that Singapore's time-scarce, mobile lives would otherwise let lapse.
    Why When work hours are long and friends scatter for study and careers abroad, the platforms keep real bonds warm between rare meetings, so they preserve depth across distance rather than diluting it.
    Example Singaporeans studying or working overseas, and busy professionals across a small but intense city, use group chats to maintain decades-old friendships that geography and schedules would strain (society pattern, as_of 2026-06).
    Then evaluate The complication for the claim: here social media adds value to true friendship, which means it cannot have devalued friendship by nature, only in particular uses.
Strongest counter & rebuttal

When the same word covers a lifelong confidant and a stranger you followed once, the currency of friendship is debased, and a generation that grew up inside the platforms may genuinely struggle to tell the difference, mistaking responsiveness for intimacy and reach for closeness. But the redefinition of the label is not the destruction of the thing: Singaporeans still know the difference between the friends in their feed and the friends at their hospital bed, and the platforms have not abolished that knowledge, only blurred the vocabulary, so the deep bond survives even where the word has cheapened.

Measured conclusion

Social media has devalued true friendship in Singapore where it substitutes a performed, fragmented breadth for the few demanding bonds that count, and the comparison culture and screen habits of a dense, busy city sharpen that harm; but it has not devalued the friendships it merely sustains across distance and time-pressure, so the verdict is conditional, and the devaluation is a choice of use, not an inevitable effect.

What makes this Band 1: Reaches the top band by defining true friendship against acquaintance, by rooting every point in Singapore's specific density, mobility and comparison culture, and by holding substitution apart from maintenance so the platform's harm and help are weighed against each other.
Option B · Premise-rejecting: the platform reveals, it does not devalue

Social media has not devalued true friendship in Singapore so much as exposed and sorted it, because it amplifies whatever friendships already are: it makes shallow ties more visible and lets deep ones deepen, so the perceived devaluation is the surfacing of an always-existing gap between acquaintance and intimacy, not a new harm the platforms caused.

The argument, point by point
  • The shallow ties social media is blamed for were always shallow; the platform only made them countable.
    Why Acquaintances, contacts and weak ties existed long before social media, so the platforms did not create them, they merely gave them a visible tally that makes the gap between contact and friend impossible to ignore.
    Example A Singaporean's hundreds of contacts map roughly onto the classmates, colleagues and relatives one always knew loosely; the feed counts them, but it did not invent the looseness (society pattern, as_of 2026-06).
    Then evaluate But making something visible can change behaviour, so the argument must show the platform does not also corrode the deep ties, which the next step addresses.
  • For deep friendships, social media tends to deepen rather than devalue, by adding continuous low-stakes contact between meetings.
    Why Real bonds are sustained by frequent small interactions, and the platforms supply exactly those, so close friends share more of daily life than the occasional meeting ever allowed.
    Example Long-running Singaporean friend group chats carry the ordinary texture of life, the small jokes and check-ins, that keeps intimacy alive between the rare gatherings a busy city permits (society pattern, as_of 2026-06).
    Then evaluate The reframe bites: if the platform strengthens the bonds that are already true, it cannot be devaluing true friendship, only failing to convert weak ties into strong ones, which it never promised to do.
  • What feels like devaluation is really the discomfort of seeing the hierarchy of friendship laid bare.
    Why Social media displays who is close and who is not, so the inevitable inequality of any friendship circle becomes painfully visible, and that visibility is mistaken for a loss of value.
    Example Seeing a gathering one was not invited to, a common social-media wound, exposes a pre-existing closeness gap rather than creating it, a pain Singaporeans feel sharply in tight social circles (society pattern, as_of 2026-06).
    Then evaluate The complication for the original claim: the hurt is real, but it is the hurt of information, not of devaluation, since the closeness gap existed before the platform showed it.
  • The genuine problem is not devaluation but the misallocation of attention, which is a choice the platform enables rather than imposes.
    Why Social media makes it easy to spend on shallow ties the attention deep ones need, so the harm is in how users budget their finite attention, not in the platform devaluing the bonds themselves.
    Example Singapore's drive to encourage genuine connection, from mental-health and loneliness initiatives to community efforts, targets attention and isolation rather than blaming the platforms outright (society pattern, as_of 2026-06).
    Then evaluate The honest close: friendship is devalued only by neglect, and social media offers the temptation to neglect, but the value of true friendship is destroyed by the choice, not by the tool.
Strongest counter & rebuttal

A Singaporean teenager whose social life formed online may have less practice in the patience, vulnerability and conflict-repair that deep friendship demands, so for that generation the platform could be shaping the capacity itself, not merely revealing existing bonds. But even this is a story about skills that can be taught and habits that can shift, not about an inherent devaluation, and the same young people form fierce loyalties within and beyond their feeds, so the platform complicates the path to depth rather than closing it.

Measured conclusion

Social media has not so much devalued true friendship in Singapore as exposed and sorted it, deepening the bonds that were already real while making the shallowness of weak ties impossible to ignore; the felt devaluation is mostly the discomfort of seeing friendship's hierarchy laid bare and the temptation to misspend attention, so the value that survives or fails does so by choice, not by the platform's decree.

What makes this Band 1: Earns the top band by rejecting the devaluation premise, then showing the platform amplifies rather than creates whatever friendship already is, while conceding the real risk to a generation raised online before showing it is a capacity issue, not an inherent harm.
How the two approaches differ

Option A accepts the devaluation frame and calibrates by use, substitution and performance devalue, maintenance does not. Option B rejects the frame, arguing social media reveals and amplifies pre-existing friendship rather than devaluing it. Both are defensible: A is the rooted, balanced 'to what extent' answer a marker expects; B is the premise-rejecting move that scores if the reveal-not-devalue argument is sustained with local grounding.

Common pitfalls
FAQ
How do I root the social media and friendship essay in Singapore?
Use Singapore's specific conditions, not generic claims. The density and tight social circles make exclusion visible and painful; the comparison-driven, kiasu culture rewards performed popularity; long work hours and overseas study make group chats the lifeline that keeps real bonds warm. Explain why Singapore is a particular case, not just that people use phones.
What is the strongest counter to 'social media has devalued friendship'?
That it sustains true friendships Singapore's time-scarce, mobile lives would otherwise lose. Friends scattered for study and careers, and busy professionals across an intense city, keep decades-old bonds alive through constant low-stakes contact. Where the platform deepens existing bonds, it adds value, so it cannot devalue friendship by nature, only in particular uses.
Can I argue social media exposes rather than devalues friendship?
Yes, and it is the higher-scoring reframe. The shallow ties were always shallow; the platform just counts them and lays the closeness hierarchy bare, which feels like devaluation but is really the discomfort of information. Concede the genuine risk to a generation raised online, then show it is a teachable capacity issue, not an inherent harm.
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